Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the direct and indirect effects among children's perceived paternal attachment, grit, and happiness, and executive function difficulties.
 Methods We used Korean Children's Panel data(1,107 children among the 12th year (2019) and 13th year (2020)). The structural equation modeling was applied to understand the structural relationship between the main variables. The direct and indirect effects of each pathway were analyzed, and bootstrapping was performed to examine the mediation effect.
 Results First, children's grit and happiness were found to have a direct influence on executive function difficulties. Second, it was found that children's perceived paternal attachment affects executive function difficulties by mediating children's grit and happiness, respectively. Finally, in the pathway in which children's perceived paternal attachment affects executive function difficulties, a sequential double mediating effect was found through children's grit and happiness.
 Conclusions This study found the importance of paternal attachment, children's grit, and happiness to reduce children's executive function difficulties.
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