Современная семья. Антропогенетические особенности репродуктивных процессов в популяциях малой и средней численности*

Abstract

The report presents a comparative analysis of anthropogenetic parameters in the populations of ethnic Greeks and Albanians of the Azov region, which contrast with the Pamirs and Kyrgyzs of the Pamir Mountains. In the highland Pamir populations of the Pastuf and Khuf (Rushan district of Gorno-Badakhshan Administrative Division (GBAD) of Tajikistan) and the Kyrgyzs of Murghab (Murghab district of GBAD), the main factors of microevolutionary changes are environmental conditions along with the influence of ethnic and confessional attitudes and cultural traditions. The pattern of reproduction is natural with unregulated fertility. A decrease in fertility is associated with the height of populations’ habitats above sea level. The populations of Azov – Krasnaya Polyana (ethnic Greeks speaking Rumeíka), Starolaspe (Tatar-speaking Greeks), and compactly populated Albanians of Devninskoye and Georgievka settlements underwent a demographic transition to the family planning system and strict artificial birth control. Populations surrounded by other ethnic groups have an urbanized pattern of reproduction not typical for groups of small and medium size. This population suffers from the effect of abrupt “aging”, with a small proportion of pre-reproductive age and a significant number of post-reproductive cohorts. Reproductive rates are low and the number is supported by migrations from other groups. The anthropogenetic analysis demonstrated that reproduction processes in populations depend on a set of biological and social factors, geographical conditions and environment.