Вагітні жінки на фронті та партизанських загонах під час німецько-радянської війни.

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to investigate the challenges faced by pregnant women in the Red Army and in partisan units during the German-Soviet war to analyze the attitudes of the military command and the Soviet government towards them. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, and objectivism. The methods used in the work include historical analysis, historical-comparative analysis, deduction, and analysis. The scientific novelty. Based on the available historical material, for the first time in domestic historiography, an attempt was made to study the life of pregnant women in combat conditions comprehensively; the differences in the Red Army and in partisan units were shown, a number of inconveniences they had to face in a militarized society were revealed; Soviet legislation regarding them and probable reasons for pregnancy planning were analyzed. Conclusions. It was found that the life of expectant mothers in the Red Army was different from those in partisan units. While women in the Red Army on the sixth month of pregnancy were on maternity leave at the rear and didn’t give birth or reside at the frontline, female partisans had to give birth and care for children in the forest. The presence of children in paramilitary formations, as evidenced by archival sources and memories of partisans, could cost the lives of both mothers and children. The Soviet leadership drew attention to the problem of pregnant military women at the end of the war and reacted accordingly at the legislative level by regulating the length of stay of pregnant women at the front or on maternity leave and by approving social costs for children after birth. However, the problem of pregnant women in the Soviet army remained unresolved.