Рекомендуемые способы предотвращения попадания речных наносов и шуги в водоводы деривационных гидроэлектростанций

Abstract

The article discusses methods for preventing river drift from getting into the diversion canals of hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). The considered methods imply the use of a curvilinear intake channel, within which longitudinal-transverse circulation occurs, during the high-water period, and the use of drift protection thresholds for setting up artificial circulation during the period of low water level. The river flow hydromorphometric characteristics in the river bed curvilinear part were analyzed, as a result of which empirical dependencies for determining the water intake location and for calculating the intake stream canal straight section length have been obtained. A system of discharge balance equations in the section of the river hydroelectric power plant’s dike structure is given. Based on experimental investigation results, three water intake layout arrangements for mountain rivers are recommended. A method for protecting the diversion canal from sludge ice is suggested. According to this method, in the winter season water is taken from the stream lower layers, and sludge and ice are dumped into the hydroelectric complex tail race by means of special sludge dumping devices. The problem of modeling spatial turbulent fluid flow within the water intake structure head race for diversion power plants (DPP WIS) is solved using the FLOW 3D software package. The velocity distribution patterns along the flushing path axis for favorable and unfavorable sludge passage conditions are given. The diagram of water intake structure flushing path regimes for diversion power plants has been drawn. The obtained investigation results can be used in the design, construction, and operation of the water intake structures of diversion power plants in mountain and piedmont areas.