МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ БЕЛЫХ КРЫС В НОРМЕ И ПРИ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИИ СВИНЦА

Abstract

Lead, being a widespread environmental pollutant, affects both the male and female reproductive systems of humans and experimental animals. However, many issues remain unclear, including the morphofunctional state of the placenta and gonads in lead intoxication, which leads to various disorders in the development of the fetus and newborn. It follows from the foregoing that this issue requires a comprehensive and comprehensive study. In the present work, the morphological parameters of the placenta and ovaries of female rats were established after 7 days of oral exposure to lead acetate at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. It was shown that after exposure to lead acetate, morphofunctional restructuring of the cortical and medulla of the ovary of nulliparous female white rats was observed. The cells of the single-layer epithelium covering the ovary from the outside acquire an elongated shape. The protein shell is compacted. There is an increase in the volume of the medulla of the ovary in relation to the cortical, due to the enlargement of the vessels, which indicates an increase in the blood supply to the ovary. In the cortical substance of the ovary, primordial follicles are located mainly singly. Among the more mature forms of follicles, follicles of oval and irregular shape were identified. The yellow bodies found have an irregular shape. In pregnant animals treated with lead acetate, attention is drawn to the high content of atretic follicles. The administration of lead acetate to pregnant rats causes pronounced ultrastructural changes in the labyrinthine zone of the placenta, expressed by thinning of the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast, vacuolization and clarification of the cytoplasmic matrix, destruction of mitochondria, and a decrease in intercellular contacts between cyto- and syncytiotrophoblastic elements. Against the background of edema and destruction of the trophoblastic structures of the labyrinthine zone of the placenta, the presence of areas with numerous osmiophilic formations was noted. These changes in the placenta can be considered specific for lead intoxication.