Abstract
One of the urgent problems of modern humanitarian knowledge is the implementation of a holistic and critical analysis of ecological philosophy and philosophy of ecology as directions of philosophical cognition in the un-derstanding of environmental problems characterizing various models of the relationship between man and nature. Considering these directions of scientific knowledge, we establish that they differ not only in the subject of cognition, but also in the models of interaction: the first one studies ecological theories and concepts, in the center of which are evolutionary processes of nature and society, and the second one studies ontological and axiological aspects characterizing the sustainability of human and nature development in accordance with hu-manistic attitudes, opposing negative scenarios of future development of mankind. Due to the spread of neo-humanism and transhumanism, special perspectives of noosphere, eco-culture, and post-apocalyptic scenari-os in general are being formed. The general interest of these directions is conditioned by the study of the archi-tectonics of ecological being as the most important basis of ecological civilization of the present and future in the context of sustainable development.
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