Abstract
Not all sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) are classified as legislative (tashree‘) mandates that must be followed by Muslims. This is because the Prophet's life encompassed four distinct roles: Muhammad as a human being, Muhammad as the Messenger of Allah, Muhammad as a ruler and head of state, and Muhammad as a judge. It is the responsibility of scholars to identify and distinguish which aspects of his sayings and actions fall under legislative guidance and which do not. Importantly, recognizing that some of his deeds stemmed from his human nature rather than being intended as legislation does not imply that imitating such actions is prohibited. On the contrary, performing such actions out of love for the Prophet and in emulation of him can earn a person reward—not as an obligatory act of worship but as an expression of affection and reverence for the Messenger of Allah.
Published Version
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