СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ УМОВИ УСПІШНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ ПЕРШОКУРСНИКІВ ДО НАВЧАННЯ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

Abstract

The article deals with the main factors influencing the process of adapting freshmen to higher education, namely: the ability to critically evaluate their activities, the formation of adequate self-esteem, age characteristics, social conditions, religious and political beliefs, unjustified expectations from learning, relaxation of control parents, etc. The author analyzes the possible causes of the difficulties of adapting to student life. As a result of this research, the value of successful adaptation for effective educational and professional activity was proven. Practical recommendations for ensuring the most effective process of adaptation are also offered. The author highlights that the first year of study at the university is the most difficult and most important stage during which tests of psychic, physical, intellectual potential of the person, the stage of formation of self-evaluation, self-determination, life values and priorities take place.The process of adaptation is defined both by individual (self-understanding, physical and intellectual ability, emotional state, definition of self-esteem), and external (social community, cohesion, psychological climate, functional integrity, support of the environment and family, and much more) factors. Surveys of first-year students in the first semester of study revealed the main difficulties faced by students: the lack of free time, the lack of daily knowledge control, insufficient level of schooling, excessive training load, inconvenient schedule, lack of attention and assistance from the dean’s office, difficulties in organizing their activities, financial problems, new environment, distance from parents (for students from other cities), misunderstandings with teachers, disappointment with the level of technical facilities and so on.Therefore, preparations for student life should begin in school years with the support of the family and teachers. In order to prevent disappointments from the chosen profession, it is necessary to orient the senior pupils in the labor market, as well as explain the specifics of the educational process at the university. Special attention is payed to providing a favorable socio-psychological atmosphere among students. Active engagement of students in extra-curricular collective activities (sections, circles, clubs, concerts, excursions, group research work, etc.) also creates an atmosphere of trust and unity of members of the team, thus accelerating the process of adaptation.