ЙОДОДЕФИЦИТНЫЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ И ПУТИ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И РЕСПУБЛИКЕ САХА (ЯКУТИЯ)

Abstract

The Russian Federation (RF) refers to countries with proven natural iodine deficiency. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that iodine deficiency diseases (IDD) rank first in prevalence among thyroid diseases, and represent pathological conditions that develop as a result of iodine deficiency in the diet, which can be prevented by normalization of its consumption. The purpose of the work is to clarify the relevance of already known information about iodine deficiency states by reviewing modern literary material. About 2 billion people live in conditions of natural iodine deficiency. More than 70 % of the territories of the Russian Federation are geochemical provinces with iodine deficiency, currently there are noticeable disparities between individual regions in the country. Among Russians, there was a decrease in iodine consumption to an average of 50-80 micrograms per day, which is 3 times less than the established norm (150-250 micrograms). With a high prevalence of iodine deficiency, foci of severe iodine deficiency were found in some regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East (in the Republics of Sakha (Yakutia), Tyva, Khakassia, and some districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast). Salt iodization is recommended by WHO and UNICEF as a universal and highly cost-effective method of eliminating IDD on a global scale. In many countries of the world, it has become possible to achieve a significant reduction in the incidence of thyropathies associated with iodine deficiency in the diet by legislatively adopting a decision on mandatory salt iodization, but in the Russian Federation the problem persists.