Abstract
<p>Specially designed cultural tools of psychologists&rsquo; and ethologists&rsquo; research activity are considered. The tools are objects stimulating a living being (an animal or a human) to unfold its behavior (activity) and, due to it, providing opportunity to study the behavior (activity). They serve as a base for psychological science and are included in systems of relationships between many people. A history of inventions of these objects (from behaviorists&rsquo; puzzle boxes, gestalt psychologists&rsquo; instruments and experimental objects designed in A.N. Leontiev&rsquo;s activity approach to the newest objects) is a part of intellectual history of humankind and unfolding of its creative potential towards self-development and self-cognition. Some part of the objects become, in a transformed form, objects of mass culture (e.g. toys). These inventions by psychologists and ethologists are a component of cultural-historical process and modern humankind&rsquo;s activity structures.</p>
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