Сортова специфіка потреб пшениці озимої в елементах живлення в умовах нестійкого зволоження

Abstract

Goal. To identify the peculiarities of the accumulation of nutrients in the productive part of plants of new varieties of winter wheat in years with different hydrothermal conditions after the restoration of vegetation. Methods. On typical chornozems of varietal testing grounds after the restoration of spring vegetation in 2018 – 2020, the supply of NPK, Zn, Mn, and Cu to winter wheat plants of 4 varieties of national standards and 8 varieties of selection of EU countries was studied. Results. Among the varieties of foreign selection, the highest nitrogen content in grain for the entire period of research was in the variety Arktis (2.34%), among domestic varieties — Bunchuk (2.18%), the lowest — in the varieties Manditsa (1.62%) and Smuglianka (1.83%). The variety Rozkishna is relatively undemanding to phosphorus and potassium, the variety Bodichek — to potassium, regardless of growing conditions. A variable consumption response was also fixed. Under favorable moisture conditions, the plants of the variety Annitsa increased the accumulation of RK, the variety Arktis — of P. The variety Dariya has a constant high need for Zn and Mn, but a variable need for Cu, while the variety Matrix — a constant low need for Zn and Mn. Recommendations were developed for increasing or decreasing the rates of application of NPK, fertilizers, and microelements for each studied variety of foreign selection concerning the norms of fertilization of national standards. Conclusions. Varieties with signs of constant increased or decreased accumulation of nutrients, as well as varieties that change the concentration of NPK and trace elements in the final product in years with arid and favorable weather conditions of spring vegetation were identified. It is proposed to test the nutrition of new varieties of wheat during variety testing to further adjustment of the rates of fertilizer application.