НАУЧНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ ГИДРОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ УСТРОЙСТВ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ НАДЕЖНОСТИ И БЕЗОПАСНОЙ РАБОТЫ ВОДОЗАБОРОВ

Abstract

Purpose: to consider a classification list of heuristic methods allowing solving various design problems in relation to hydraulic facilities located on reclamation systems, taking into account the conditions of the functional operation of soft floating structures as water intake structures. Materials and methods. Efficient use of water resources includes an ecosystem approach, which allows considering water body together with the catchment area, the implemented activities for water discharge (Q, m³/s) with the provision of environmental safety in zones of influence of water intake as a single system. The ecosystem approach to the water bodies under consideration (rivers, reservoirs, etc.) should provide for a set of design and structural measures in water technological complex to ensure environmental safety in the zones of its influence. Results and discussion. Ensuring the fulfillment of these two conditions implies the solution of a number of basic tasks to improve the existing constructive and technological units and to create new ones using modern high-strength synthetic fabric materials of national production. The selection of the required calculated volumes of supplied water resources from the object is from 1 to 100 m³/s and more, which cannot but affect its ecological component, while preserving biological resources and the fish species composition should be implied. Conclusions. In formation of constructive solutions to ensure environmental safety in the zones of influence of water technological complex, one of the most promising directions is the methodological basis for the synthesis of soft floating structures, which ensure the preservation of biological resources in a water body, protection from bottom and suspended sediments, as well as fulfillment of environmental safety requirements.