Телемедицина: определение, особенности внедрения в практику, эффективность и перспективы применения в кардиологии

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Information and communication technologies in healthcare were realized in the advent of telemedicine (TM). This article presents current definitions, as well as describes the existing difficulties of terminology and classification. The main documents regulating the use of TM technologies in Russia at present are given. It is noted that the development of TM and its introduction into clinical practice is associated with a number of barriers that are associated with patients, medical professionals, as well as various technical, legal, ethical and economic problems. The presented article refers to a narrative review focused on some sources for the purpose of an unstructured description of the direction of interest. The search for literary sources was carried out in PubMed, eLibrary systems for 1995–2023 by keywords: telemedicine, telemedicine technologies, telemedicine in cardiology, telemedicine efficiency, remote control systems, telemonitoring, telemedicine in practice. The article presents the information about the role of TM in certain groups of cardiac patients, namely in patients with implanted medical devices, hypertension, chronic heart failure, high cardiovascular risk, as well as the elderlypatients and in cardiac rehabilitation. Changes in the areas of TM use are discussed, namely, attempts to use it in emergency pathology, in particular in acute coronary syndrome. CONCLUSION: Despite the absence of a common global practice and approaches to TM and the well-known barriers restraining its development, the prospects of this direction are beyond doubt. The spread of new TM technologies contributes to the improvement of providing health services system. It allows doctors to work with patients more efficiently and increases the opportunities of patients to receive expert advice. The accumulated scientific knowledge, the gradual adaptation of TM to the user’s needs, taking into account practical experience, make it possible to use this technology successfully in different groups of cardiac patients. In the future, artificial intelligence will be connected and trained to expand the opportunities for remote data analysis and the possibility of remote monitoring of patients' health, related regulatory issues will be resolved, as well as of the liability of the parties will be clearly defined. In the context of increasing demand for TM with an increase in the level of security of services provided and data protection, a global spread of advanced professional knowledge and skills is expected to improve public health.