Оценка функциональных резервов организма первокурсников северного педагогического вуза по результатам ортостатической пробы

Abstract

The success of adaptation to the standard minimum load (using orthostatic test as an example) is primarily determined by the ability of the regulatory systems to restructure the activity of the cardiovascular system without involving the central regulatory circuit. Evaluation of the body’s functional reserves can provide the basis for characterization of its adaptive capabilities as a whole. The aim of this study was to assess the body’s functional reserves in first-year students of a pedagogical university in northern Russia according to the results of an orthostatic test. Materials and methods. A total of 135 first-year students of Surgut State Pedagogical University were examined, their mean age being 18.3 ± 0.33 years. Cardiointervalography (VNS-spektr device, Neurosoft, Russia) was used to assess heart rate variability at rest and during an active orthostatic test. Results. Total power, as well as absolute low frequency and very low frequency power decreased during the orthostatic test in both groups. It was found that 23 % of male and 16 % of female students had a reduced reaction to the orthostatic test. High level of adaptation reserves was observed in 30 % of first-year students. At the same time, we identified groups with a low level of adaptation reserves (8.8 % of male and 2 % of female students). The research established that the level of the body’s functional reserves in young women was higher than that in young men. In addition, female students showed a bigger contribution of the central circuit to heart rate regulation. Young men demonstrated high parasympathetic reactivity and a greater contribution of subcortical centres to heart rate regulation, compared to young women.