Comparative analysis of heart rate variability of cadets of the higher educational institution of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters

Abstract

Here we report the results of comparative analysis of the heart rate variability of cadets of the educational institution of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters of 1st and 5th courses which entered in 2011 and in 2016. It is established, that all cadets have the prevalence of parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system in modulation of the heart rate. There are no significant differences between main parameters of the heart rate variability in cadets entered in 2011 and in 2016. Thus, the total spectra power of the of heart rate variability was 6854±1708 and 6885±1712 ms2/Hz, the ratios of lowand high-frequency components were 0,6±0,2 and 0,67±0,22 сonventional units, parasympathetic reactivity indexes of the autonomic nervous system (coefficient 30/15) were 1,4±0,07 and 1,5±0,08 сonventional units, respectively. After 5 years of training the graduates of 2016 (entered in 2011) had significantly improved functional state, their functional reserves were increased, and ratios of heart rate variability for professional adaptation had been formed as more effective compared with graduates of 2011 (entered in 2006). The first group has total spectra power as 8115,77±942,44 ms2/Hz, the second group – 3582,37±383,14 ms2/Hz, the ratio of lowand high-frequency components was 0,97±0,14 and 0,80±0,12 сonventional units, respectively. All of this indicates that cadets had a moderate sympathicotonia, which persisted at the level of a stable trend in the performance of the low intensity functional test (active orthostatic test). The ratios of lowand high-frequency components after the active orthostatic test were 5,0±0,75 сonventional units in group of 2016 vs. 3,28±0,59 сonventional units in group of 2011 (р0,01). The centralization index characterizing the involvement of ergotropic mechanisms of central nervous system in maintaining homeostasis for graduates of 2011 was 3,11±0,63, and for graduates of 2016 – 5,04±0,92 (р0,1), which showed the formation of steady processes related to professional and hyperadaptational background. The reactivity index of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (coefficient 30/15) in graduates of 2011 and 2016 was almost the same and equaled 1,40±0,04 and 1,41±0,05 сonventional units, respectively, and therefore did not significantly affect the heart rate variability.