РЫБОЛОВСТВО СССР В ЧЕРНОМ МОРЕ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ ХХ ВЕКА: ПЕРИОД РАСЦВЕТА (1950-1988), "Известия Российской академии наук. Серия географическая"

Abstract

The scientific, legal and economic prerequisites of development and golden age of the Black Sea fishery in the Soviet Union in the second half of the 20th century prior to “perestroika” (reconstruction) and demise of theSoviet Union have been investigated. From 1950 to 1988 the total annual fish production in the Black Sea by the Soviet Union increased from 32200 t (the early 1950s) to 56000 t (end of the 1950s), 60000–70000 t (1960s), 75000–96000 t (the early 1970s), 150000 t (end of the 1970s), 200000–250000 t (the 1980s). Based on the geographic and ecological analysis of fishery resources, the catch structure and production output of the main fishery objects were estimated; the periods with predominance of different highpriority fishery objects were identified; the mechanisms, chronology and causes of their change (succession) were established: Black Sea anchovy and small scad (1945–the early 1950s); bonito, large scad, bluefish, chub mackerel and some low-abundant but valuable by their tastiness fish species, including surmullet, mullets, sturgeons, Black Sea turbot (the early 1950s – the late 1960s); Black Sea anchovy, sprat, small scad, Black Sea whiting, spiny dogfish, skates (1970–1985). The economic and ecological consequences of natural and anthropogenic changes, which resulted in crisis of fishery industry in 1989–1991 and its transition to depressive state in the late 20th century, were assessed.