Тенденції ілюстрування підручників для початкових шкіл України у другій половині ХХ століття (1950–1980 рр.)

Abstract

The article considers the peculiarities of illustrating school textbooks for primary schools of Ukraine, published in the second half of the twentieth century in the context of socio-political processes, scientific experience in the branch of textbooks, as well as changing trends in the art of book graphics in Ukraine in a separate period.Based on a field survey and analysis of a visual series of textbooks for primary schools in Ukraine, published in the 50-80s of last century, it was found that the illustrative material as a full structural component of the educational publication changed in form and functionality at different stages of the Soviet era under the influence of the following factors: reforming the national school system; development of school textbook theory; development of the art of book graphics.Illustrative material of a number of textbooks in Ukrainian language, mathematics, science, fine arts, music, and Russian language is analyzed by didactic, hygienic and artistic-aesthetic criteria, as well as the corresponding quality indicators of this structural component of the textbook. The main trends in illustrating educational publications for primary school at different stages of the study period are identified: illustrative material in the structure of textbooks for primary schools in Ukraine, published in the 50s; features of textbook illustration of the 60-70s; improving scientific approaches to illustrating school textbooks for primary school in the 80s. The relevance of taking into account the experience of illustrating educational publications of the last century in the process of creating a visual series for textbooks in the future is argued.