Центральные места как концептуальный конструкт: построение структуры пространственных рынков в масштабах национальной экономики

Abstract

The article is devoted to determining the possibilities of building the structure of spatial markets on the scale of the national economy. An overview of the works is given, thanks to which the idea of the interregional input-output model was gradually formed as an objective calculation basis for analyzing the functional base of the regions and building a network model of economic interactions within the framework of the concept of central places. The main attention is paid to instrumental developments that can be useful for creating a universal method for recognizing the structure of economic interactions in space based on interregional balances. Three approaches to the distribution of regions by levels of the functional hierarchy have been identified. The first approach is based on estimates of the nodal structure of space, the second is based on the ordinal function of the network of interregional interactions, and the third is based on feedback loops. It has been established that the number of hierarchy levels allocated using the first approach is minimal, and using the second approach – maximum. It is determined that the central place measure can be used to test the assumptions formed on the basis of alternative approaches regarding the hierarchical structure of economic interactions. With the help of the considered instrumental developments, the hierarchical structure of economic interactions of the regions of Japan is determined based on the interregional input-output tables for 2005. It is shown that the analysis of the functional base of the regions, integrating alternative approaches to the hierarchization of flows of the interregional balance, allows us to determine the structure of spatial markets on the scale of the national economy based on the following aspects of economic interactions: the difference in the masses of the central places entering into interaction; maintaining a balance of centripetal and centrifugal forces; maximizing the «gravity» of the centers of market zones