Дифференцированный подход к обучению школьников составлению историко-культурных комментариев с помощью интернет-ресурсов

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The purpose of the study was to create a methodological model of a differentiated learning process while making historical and cultural comments during the lessons in Literature and Literature-based reading. The differentiated approach should take into account not only the age, personal, psychological, and pedagogical characteristics of students, but also the literary and methodological aspects of the issue. When reading fiction, students often find it difficult to interpret historical or cultural realities, which require mastering the techniques of searching for reference information and the ability to make historical and cultural comments with the use of the Internet. The methodological foundation of the study consists of the works on differentiation in the theory of education and upbringing, the peculiarities of differentiated learning at Literature and Literature-based reading lessons, the methods of making historical and cultural comments while studying literary works of art, the Internet hypertext for the actualization of the intertextual nature of fiction. Making historical and cultural comments, students develop their metasubject and subject skills. In primary school, pupils learn to use various search methods of looking up in the Internet dictionaries and encyclopedias, to advance the culture of using reference sources, to better understand the contents of the books read, to know the initial techniques of interpreting a literary text. In secondary school, students learn to identify the lack of information and to extract the latter from various sources, to attain semantic reading minding historical realities while analyzing the text, to use ICT, observing the rules of information security. In high school, they should be able to carry out independent research, to take into account the historical and cultural context while analyzing the text, to possess the skills of complex philological analysis. Differentiated tasks while making historical and cultural comments on literary works with the use of the Internet resources contribute to the successful implementation of the metasubject and subject results indicated in the Federal state standards (National Curricula) of primary, secondary, and high education.