ЕТНІЧНА ТЕМАТИКА ТВОРІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО МАЛЯРСТВА У ДРУГІЙ ПОЛОВИНІ ХІХ – НА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ

Abstract

Ethnic themes were actively used by Ukrainian artists in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. This is the period of the establishment of the realistic direction in painting, and therefore the principles of painting were based on the objective reproduction of reality. Artists tried to make art accessible to the people, carried out educational activities and tried to draw attention to socio-economic problems. The painting of this period is full of ethnography. It presents traditional clothing, folk architecture, dishes, crafts, customs, rites and traditions, so the main goal of this study is to prove the potential of this type of fine art as one of the components of the source base of ethnological research. The work used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, descriptive, and the research itself was built on the principle of historicism to explain the context in which the development of the realistic genre took place on Ukrainian soil. A serious role in the study of this issue is played by the iconographic method, which makes it possible to analyze the themes of the works and to isolate the ethnographic component. The main result of the study is the generalization and systematization of information about the work of prominent Ukrainian painters, related to ethnic specificity, as well as the formation of an idea of the general trends in the development of Ukrainian painting in the territories that were part of the two empires, and the interpretation of key differences in the representation of the traditional culture of the people artists of various historical and ethnographic regions. The conclusions of the work demonstrate the need for further investigations in this direction, aimed at researching the traditional culture of the Ukrainian people, reproduced by painters in their paintings. Their activities were carried out using the method of observation, recording the available ethnographic material, which, in turn, confirms the similarity of the method of work with ethnographers of that period. Therefore, the main conclusion of the study is the importance of involving the artistic heritage of the 19th and early 20th centuries. to the source base of ethnological research.