Изменения средообразующих параметров степных геосистем в условиях нефтедобычи (на примере Волго-Уральского региона)

Abstract

The aim of the study is to obtain quantitative characteristics and identify the dynamics of some environmental parameters of steppe geosystems under the impact of oil production. The study area is the Volga-Ural steppe region, where five pairs of key plots were selected according to the principle "in conditions of technogenic impact – reference". In the course of fieldwork in 2023, instrumental measurements of air and soil temperature, relative humidity of air and soil, noise level were carried out. The landscape surface temperature, vegetation moisture content index (NDMI), and surface albedo were determined based on Landsat satellite images for the period from 2013 to 2022. The results of fieldwork and remote studies have shown that changes in the main components of the initial geosystems functioning – moisture turnover, temperature balance, radiation balance – are observed in areas with technogenic impact. It was revealed that the surface temperature in the plots with technogenic impact is higher than in the paired reference ones; the surface moisture in the plots with technogenic impact is lower than in the paired reference ones; the albedo of the surface in the plots with technogenic impact is lower than in the paired reference ones; the noise level in the plots with technogenic impact is significantly higher compared to the reference ones. These consequences are manifested in natural-technogenic geosystems of wells – units of the lowest hierarchical level in the geosystem of an oil-and-gas field. Given the scale of Russian oil-and-gas deposits exploitation, it is necessary to develop optimization approaches to solve the environmental conflict associated with the transformation of environmental functions, which the proposed study is designed to help.