СУЧАСНИЙ ОГЛЯД ІНОЗЕМНОГО ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ: ІНОЗЕМНИЙ ДОСВІД НОВОВВЕДЕНЬ ТА ВПЛИВ КРИЗИ ПАНДЕМІЇ

Abstract

In the conditions of enhancing globalization processes in society, the initial role in the economic development of any country plays the process of foreign investment. The leading position in attracting foreign direct investment in Ukraine takes industry, which in 2020 was significantly affected by restrictive measures caused by the economic pandemic crisis. The issue of attracting foreign direct investment in Ukrainian industry based on the analysis of world experience is quite urgent today. The control over foreign direct investment is significantly strengthened, and some countries have been forced to take restrictive measures against foreign investment. It was found that after reforms aimed at protecting foreign investment, Ukraine has become an even more attractive environment for international investors, reflecting the World Bank's Doing Business rating. In 2019 Ukraine ranked 64th in the world, compared to 71st in 2018 and 80th in 2017. It was found that in Ukraine there was a positive trend in attracting foreign direct investment, which faltered with the beginning of the pandemic. The FDI indicator in Ukraine in 2020 became the worst in the last 20 years. There is a tendency to reduce the share of economic activity in the total inflow of foreign investment in processing, light industry, chemical and metallurgical complex for 3 studied years. But investors remain interested in investing capital in various industries. The most attractive industries for foreign investors were those where the growth of annual investments was typical, namely: food industry, pharmaceutical industry and electricity. By 2020, there was also a positive trend of investment in the extractive industry, but during the period of strict quarantine restrictions, the country was completely stopped production of most enterprises and by the end of the crisis, in the extractive industry outflow of FDI. The investment prospects can be increased by ensuring the building capacity of the industry, qualitative improvement of production assets, intensification of production, technological, scientific, factors of production, the introduction of scientific and technological progress, the transition to innovative development.