ПРОЦЕССЫ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С ИЗМЕНЕНИЕМ КЛИМАТА, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ГЕОСИСТЕМ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ЯКУТИИ)

Abstract

In Central Yakutia, compared with the seventies of the XX century. the average annualair temperature increased by 2,5-3,0°C. Against the background of climate warming, which provoked extreme weather events, degradation of ground ice, the water regime of small rivers and forested areas changed, which affected the stability of geosystems located in the basins of small rivers. On the example of the Ebe estuary irrigation system located in Central Yakutia,studies were carried out to establish the causes of the occurrence of processes associated with climate change that affect the stability of geosystems. The increasing incidence of extreme weather events, changes in precipitation and temperature indicators lead to a decrease in the yield of agricultural land, disruption of the life of rural areas. Excessive holding of flood waters in a forced mode in order to protect the residential and social sector of the settlement located in the downstream pool from flooding led to the destruction of the gateway regulator of the estuary irrigation system. The main reason for the overstandard holding of the gateway regulator in forced mode in order to avoid the threat of flooding of the settlement was the backwater from the mouth of the river. Haar Balagan, which slows down the outflow of flood waters downstream. According to the research results, it can be assumed that one of the negative processes that negatively affect the stability of geosystems is an increase in the depth of seasonal thawing under conditions of climate change under forests in the taiga zone of Central Yakutia, which, in the studies carried out, provoked a decrease in the stability of the ameliorative agricultural landscape and disruption of the life support of the settlement.To reduce the risks of these negative phenomena, it is necessary to take a set of preventive adaptive measures to climate change, including the study of the climatic variability of the flow of small rivers and technical solutions for its regulation. Сlimate change, hydraulic engineering, estuary irrigation, Central Yakutia, spring floods, stability of geosystems.