Гинекологическая заболеваемость девочек в Московской области в период проведения программы вакцинопрофилактики папилломавирусной инфекции

Abstract

Study Objective: To assess gynaecological morbidity in girls aged 10 to 17 years old over a 12-year period of the program for vaccination prevention of HPV-associated diseases in Moscow region; and to compare the data on vaccinated regions with the information on the regions where no human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination was undertaken. Study Design: retrospective study. Materials and Methods. We used the information from annual statistical reports prepared by children gynaecologists and Moscow regional Medical Information and Analytical Centre. Gynaecological morbidity was analysed for the period from 2008 to 2019; it involved assessment of the prevalence of HPV-associated diseases — anogenital warts, pelvic inflammations, precancer cervical lesions, menstrual disorders. We have also analysed the number of pregnancies and outcomes in adolescents. Study Results. Since the program was launched, there has been a steady reduction in the number of anogenital wart cases in girls in Moscow region where vaccination was undertaken: from 14.2 to 1.8 per 100k in 2008 and 2019, respectively. Genital inflammations were more frequent (not statistically significantly, though) in areas where preventive vaccination was not performed. Over the previous 10 years, we have seen a more marked increase in the number of genital inflammations in girls of 10–17 years old vs. areas where girls were vaccinated. Due awareness promotion during vaccination, over the 12-year period the number of adolescent pregnancies dropped from 697 to 127, while pregnancy terminations reduced from 38.9% to 21.4%. Conclusion. HPV vaccination campaign among adolescents in Moscow region resulted in reduced prevalence of anogenital warts and a positive trend in the reduction of cervical cancer prevalence in young women of 15–24 years old. Gynaecological morbidity rates were not statically different in analysed areas; thus, HPV vaccination does not have any negative impact on the reproductive health of girls. Keywords: gynaecological morbidity, reproductive health, papilloma virus infection prevention, vaccination, anogenital warts, human papilloma virus.