Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle can be called an epidemic of the XXI century. Meanwhile, there are a large number of scientific studies proving that the lack of physical activity can lead to serious malfunctions in the functioning of all body systems, including the nervous system. Disturbance in the structure and functioning of the brain leads to a deterioration in cognitive functions and an increase in the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, a moderately high level of physical activity can improve the functioning of the brain and increase the structural and cognitive reserve, which will help the nervous system to adapt to age-related changes effectively. Walking and running are one of the most common types of exercise, and can be present even in the lives of people who are not involved in sports activities. It has been shown that even low-intensity walking can contribute to cognitive improvements for people of any age and gender. Moderate-intensity running, in particular endurance running, also has a positive effect on the structure and functioning of the brain. The main effects of walking and running relate primarily to memory and executive functions, which is true for both humans and animals.
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