ПІДХОДИ ДО ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЛАБОРАТОРНОГО ПРАКТИКУМ У ПІДГОТОВЦІ ВЧИТЕЛЯ ФІЗИКИ ПІД ЧАС ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ

Abstract

Formation of experimental abilities and skills of future physics teachers is an important component of their professional competence. The transition to distance learning for all educational programs in various disciplines, especially experimental and practical, brought many complications. In many cases, measures have been initiated to accelerate the training of university students and teachers who had no experience of distance learning. However, the experience of distance education shows that the replacement of traditional education exclusively or largely by distance education is not promising. Under the conditions of the introduction of remote forms of education, conducting a laboratory physical workshop faces a number of problems, which are analyzed in the article. Two types of problems faced by the teacher in distance education are identified: firstly, content and methods of distance education and secondly, problems related to the use of technical means during distance education. The solution of these problems in the training of physics teachers is not only related to the formation of experimental skills in students, but also in arming them with the skills to select tools and technologies for conducting a school experiment in physics lessons during distance learning in general secondary education institutions. The article presents five options for conducting laboratory work in distance learning conditions: experiments using home equipment, using smartphone sensors for conducting research, virtual simulators, digital laboratories, using videos of laboratory work. Their features, implementation conditions, as well as advantages and disadvantages are revealed. It is shown that the choice of the form of conducting the workshop largely depends on the material and technical equipment of laboratories and methodical training of teachers, as well as the readiness of students. The technology of introduction of video laboratory practice in the course of general physics is proposed. The experience of such work has shown their effectiveness, as well as their influence on the formation of students' independent activity skills. Key words: distance learning, laboratory practice, physics, physics teacher, digital technologies.