Abstract
Research has been carried out to identify the optimal sowing depth of spring wheat seeds in the conditions of the Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The work was carried out in 2019-2020 on gray forest soil with a humus content (according to Tyurin) of 3.1...3.4%, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) - 101...175 and 78. ... 150 mg/1000 g of soil, pH of the salt extract - 5.9...6.0 units. The research material was spring wheat variety Ulyanovskaya 105. The experimental design included 6 variants with seed placement depths in the soil of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 cm. Sowing was carried out in the first ten days of May using a Wintersteiger seeder with a seeding rate of 6 million pcs/ha. During pre-sowing cultivation, mineral fertilizers were applied at a dose of N70...74P57...63K28...30 for a planned yield of 3 t/ha. In 2019, from May to August, the precipitation rate fell by 1.5 times (GTS = 1.36); in 2020, the amount was at a normal level (GTS = 1.13). The greatest density of plants during seedlings and before harvesting was noted at a sowing depth of 4 and 5 cm (86.2...89.8%). In the same experimental variants, the largest leaf surface area was observed (30.9 and 31.4 thousand m2/ha). On average, over 2 years, the highest yield was formed at a seed placement depth of 4 and 5 cm - 3.2 and 3.02 t/ha. With shallower (2 cm) and deeper (7 cm) planting, it decreased compared to the optimal options by 0.43...0.47 t/ha.
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