Методы создания позднеспелых и раннеспелых сортов клевера лугового на диплоидной и тетраплоидной основе

Abstract

To increase the volume of production of vegetable protein feeds, meadow clover plays an important role. In the conditions of Western Siberia, a late-ripening variety based on the diploid SibNIIK 10 was created by the polycross method. Together with the Federal Research Center "VIK named after V.R. Williams", as a result of a combination of mutagenesis, polyploidy, hybridization and selection methods, for the first time in Siberia, the Meteor — winter-hardy, early-ripening type variety on a tetraploid basis was created, and as a result of a combination of hybridization and selection methods, a Prima — early-ripening type variety on a diploid basis with high seed yield was created. The early-maturing varieties Prima (2x) and Meteor (4x) exceeded the late-maturing variety SibNIIK 10 by 36 and 46%, respectively, in terms of dry matter yield for two mowing. In terms of seed yield and plant seeding in the first year of use, the early-maturing diploid variety Prima was at the level of the late-maturing diploid variety SibNIIK 10, and in unfavorable years it exceeded by 17%. New varieties of the early-maturing type on a diploid (Prima) and tetraploid basis (Meteor) are characterized by high plasticity and have a significant advantage over the late-maturing SibNIIK 10 variety in terms of basic biological and economically valuable characteristics.