ОЦЕНКА БИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КЛОНОВЫХ ПОДВОЕВ ГРУШИ И АЙВЫ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ЗЕЛЕНЫХ ЧЕРЕНКОВ

Abstract

Pear and quince belong to different botanical species, so most pear varieties have partial or complete incompatibility with quince. Quince is also a relative of pears, they have the same diseases and pests, so preventive treatments need to be carried out several times a season. Quince is not only planted next to a pear, it is also used as a rootstock for growing dwarf pear varieties. But the pear is more difficult to root without special plant growth regulators than the quince. Pear culture is very difficult to reproduce without specialized plant growth stimulants. Currently, there are a lot of different preparations for rooting various fruit and berry crops. Growth stimulants strengthen the root system of plants, accelerate the flowering process, promote earlier formation of fruits, increasing their size. Clonal rootstocks are plants obtained by vegetative propagation from green or lignified cuttings. The article presents the results of research on the use of various plant growth stimulants, with the help of which clonal rootstocks of pears and quinces were rooted and further studied. As substances stimulating the processes of root formation, an aqueous solution was used: indolyl butyric acid (BCI) - 50 mg/l for 24 hours, epin-extra - 1.0 mg/l for 24 hours, succinic acid - 200 mg/l for 24 hours. Water was used as a control. It was found that the greatest rooting result of green cuttings treated with β-indolyl-3-butyric acid was characterized by Northern quince (66.7%), also pear forms PG 12 (k) (57.6%), PG 2 (58.4%), PG 17-16 (59.3%). When processing varieties, forms of pear and quince with succinic acid, Northern quince (60.0%) and pear forms PG 17-16 (58.7%), PG 12 (k) (55.7%), PG 2 (56.7%) had the greatest rooting result. When using epin-extra, the greatest rooting results were: Northern quince (55.0%), pear forms PG 12 (k), PG 2, PG 17-16, (50.0%, 52.3% and 54.0%, respectively). Without treatment with plant growth stimulants, the best result was observed in Northern quince (51.7%). When treated with plant growth stimulants with β-indolyl-3-butyric acid, succinic acid, epin-extra and without the use of plant growth stimulants, Northern quince had the highest plant height, the diameter of the conditional root neck, the number of roots, and the length of the roots.