Abstract
Among the most important issues to be characterized is the temperature of the aquifer in any geothermal system. Fluids located deep within a hydrothermal system provide heat, and they control thermal groundwater temperature changes in aquifers. Geothermometers based on water chemistry have been used to estimate groundwater temperatures in various complexes. However, the average temperature measured by hydrochemical geothermometers is often variable, and it is difficult to assign a corresponding average geothermal fluid temperature because temperature and pressure change as the geothermal fluid moves upward. Different geothermometers cover different temperature ranges. Some hydrochemical geothermometers are suitable for high temperature geothermal systems, while others are suitable for medium and low temperature. Based on these geothermometers, it is difficult to assign a temperature that is close to the actual temperature of the geothermal system, because the influence of atmospheric precipitation, which causes a decrease in the concentration of chemical components and dilution due to mixing with shallow groundwater.
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