Значение исследования генетических маркеров в лечении и профилактике ожирения у детей и подростков

Abstract

Aim. To consider the role of hereditary predisposition in the formation of obesity, and to analyze the importance of genetic marker studies in the treatment and prevention of obesity in children and adolescents. Key points. The increasing prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents over the past decades is one of the most important medical and social problems, since obesity contributes to the emergence of such non-infectious diseases as type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, which are rightly considered a non-infectious epidemic of the 21st century. At the same time, the role of hereditary predisposition in the formation of obesity is well known, and therefore the search for its genetic markers becomes relevant. Conclusion. Genetic markers help not only to identify patients at risk for obesity, but also to diagnose metabolic disorders at early stages: dyslipidaemia, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, early manifestations of endothelial dysfunction, which will help to prevent the development of heart attacks, strokes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and thus reduce disability and mortality from non-infectious diseases. Along with this, the isolation of certain genetic markers and their combinations will allow the creation of personalized obesity treatment and prevention programs. Keywords: obesity, children, adolescents, genetic markers, gene polymorphisms.