Нейропсихологічні підходи до усунення проявів дисграфії у молодших школярів із загальним недорозвиненням мовлення

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of a neuropsychological approach to studying the causes of written speech disorders. It was determined that the formation of writing skills is a complex long-term process that directly relies on a fairly high level of development of basic mental functions, motor, sensory and emotional readiness of students of lower grades to perceive and recode speech material. The classification of dysgraphia is considered taking into account the neuropsychological approach. A brief description of the symptoms is offered and the causes of their manifestations in children with various forms of dysgraphia are determined. The article offers a comprehensive neuropsychological correctional program for the formation of the child's readiness to learn the relevant skill. The program includes three stages of its implementation and provides stabilization and activation of the body's energy potential. Increasing the plasticity of sensorimotor support of mental processes. Optimization of the functional status of the deep formations of the brain and the basis for the formation of subcortical-cortical and interhemispheric interactions. Formation of operational support for verbal and non-verbal mental processes at the sensorimotor and mnestic levels. At the current stage of the development of domestic speech therapy, there are a number of problems related to overcoming dysgraphia in younger schoolchildren. For the most part, corrective work is aimed at overcoming specific errors, improving self-control, and expanding the child's knowledge of the basic rules of writing. At the same time, the reasons for the occurrence of this disorder and the level of development of the basic mental processes involved in the formation of writing skills remain outside the attention of speech therapists. The proposed program does not cover all aspects of dysgraphia correction using a neuropsychological approach, but only reveals general approaches to the organization of this type of training.