ЮРИДИЧНІ ПІДСТАВИ, ФОРМИ І ПРИНЦИПИ ВІДШКОДУВАННЯ ЗБИТКІВ, ЗАВДАНИХ УКРАЇНІ ВІЙСЬКОВОЮ АГРЕСІЄЮ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ФЕДЕРАЦІЇ

Abstract

The aggressive war waged by the Russian Federation caused significant material losses to Ukraine. According to preliminary estimates of the World Bank, as of the beginning of December 2022, the cost of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine amounted to 500-600 billion euros, while the full recovery of Ukraine requires the development of a large plan. In this connection, there is a need to solve the problem of real compensation for damages caused to Ukraine by the aggressive war waged by the Russian Federation, which is new and insufficiently researched by representatives of legal science. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the Charter of the United Nations; The text of the articles on the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts, adopted by the Resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization dated 12.12.2001 No. 56/83, which is a source of customary international law; the interim decision of the International Court of Justice of the United Nations of 16.03.2022 on the immediate halt of the military invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine; The resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations “Aggression against Ukraine” dated 02.03.2023, which condemns the military invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, together create the prerequisites for the recognition of all military actions committed on the territory of Ukraine by the armed forces of the aggressor state, such that violate current international law and provide grounds for imposing on the Russian Federation the obligation to compensate all damages caused by its military aggression. It was emphasized that the creation of an international regulatory framework regarding the responsibility of the Russian Federation should end with the adoption of a multilateral agreement with the participation of Ukraine as a state that suffered from the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, and other states that agree to search for and confiscate the assets of the Russian Federation, with the aim of using them for real compensation for damages. It is substantiated that the main types of responsibility of the Russian Federation include compensation for property and moral damage; direct compensation for damages caused by the internationally illegal actions of the Russian Federation will take place in the form of restitution (substitution), compensation and satisfaction both separately and by combining them, as well as by charging interest; the decision on the distribution of monetary compensation for damaged or destroyed objects of immovable and movable property, as well as compensation for moral damage and lost profit to the injured persons should be carried out in compliance with the principles of social justice and proportionality.