Abstract
Modernization of the agro-industrial complex can be based on the use of energy efficient technical approaches. One of the directions in the field of energy saving is the use of infrared (IR) heaters, for the creation of which it is most rational to use technological methods for obtaining composite materials based on dielectric matrices (elastomers) with the addition of conductive structures with nanosized geometric parameters (MСNTs - multilayer carbon nanotubes). Studies have shown that when the heater samples are turned on, a short-term current jump occurs, which is associated with heating of the elastomer with MСNT and the formation of an electric field in the composite structure. The inrush current ratio for sample No. 1 (Silagerm 8020, MCNT 3%, nickel 10%) is 3.56 A (setting time of the operating mode is 350 s), which is the highest value. The smallest inrush current ratio of 1.65 A (setting time of the operating mode 250 s) is typical for sample No. 2 (Silagerm 8030, MСNT 3%, bronze 10%). For sample No. 3 (Silagerm 8030, MCNT 3%, aluminum 10%) at alternating current, the shortest time to reach the operating mode (140 s) is typical. The operating modes of heaters on alternating and direct current are different, which is associated with the formation of morphological and structural properties in composites that affect the flow of electric current of various types. All samples are characterized by a mode in which the current decreases and after 140-360 s is set to the operating mode corresponding to the heat balance, in which this current is spent to create a heat flow to heat the plant material and compensate for heat losses to the environment. It has been established that the operating mode of heaters based on elastomers modified with MCNT is characterized by the time interval for reaching the operating mode from 140 to 350 s, which exceeds the value for ceramic heaters based on barium titanate (BaTiO3). But the operating temperature is more stable and does not change over time (under constant heat exchange conditions). The use of elastic matrices makes it possible to form effective IR heating systems for technological processes of processing plant materials.
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