Зміна агрофізичних показників сірого лісового ґрунту за тривалого застосування органічних і мінеральних добрив

Abstract

Goal. To study changes in agro-physical properties (density and total porosity) of grey forest soil under the influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the completion of the 50-year period of the grain-tilled crop rotation. Methods. Field (visual and phenological observation of phases of plant development), statistical processing of research results, correlation analysis. Results. The results are given of the determination of the density and the total porosity of the gray forest soils (2008 – 2010), and the formation of a plow sole in the phases of development of corn for silage. Their characteristic features are the increase of density and reduction of porosity of the soil to 8% in comparison with the upper (0–20 cm) and bottom (20–40 cm) soil layers. They determined permanent changes in agrophysical properties of the soil depending on the fluctuations of abiotic factors, which was confirmed by the results of the correlation between them. They also proved good perspectives for implementation in the field crop rotations of renewable and organic fertilizer systems, providing the best agrophysical soil properties. During the vegetation period, the density of the composition of the soil at the use of the organic fertilizer system increased from 1.21 to 1.33 g/cm3, and at the use of mineral fertilizer system — from 1.27 to 1.46 g/cm3. The variations of total porosity ranged from 55 to 47% respectively. Conclusions. It is established that abiotic factors (temperature and soil moisture) are variable. During the vegetation period, they influence the fluctuations of the density and porosity of the soil. Permanent change is confirmed by coefficients of correlation between abiotic and anthropogenic factors. During the vegetation period of maize, the density of the composition of the soil is increased and total porosity is reduced with signs of optimization of agro-physical parameters at use in the crop rotation of organic fertilizers.