ЗМІНА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ВПЛИВУ СИСТЕМИ ОСНОВНОГО ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ ТА СТИМУЛЮЮЧИХ РЕЧОВИН

Abstract

The purpose of the research work is to determine the influence of the tillage system and stimulating substances on the amount and structure of the biological yield of soybeans, to justify the feasibility of using the studied stimulating substances in the technology of growing soybeans for the use of different systems of the main tillage in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine to overcome the negative impact of climatic factors. Materials and methods. Field experiments were carried out in the five-field research crop rotation of Leonid Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT (Kyiv agro-soil district of Right Bank Forest Steppe). Factors of the experiment: factor A – stimulating biological drugs (A1 – use of drugs; A2 – control (without the use of drugs); factor B – soil cultivation system (B1 – traditional, B2 – conservation, B3 – mulching, B4 – mini-till). Soy was grown according to the technology traditional for the region, with the exception of the elements included in the experiment scheme. The effectiveness of the researched elements of cultivation technology was established by determining the biological yield of soybeans and their structure. Results. Correlation analysis indicates that the elements of cultivation technology that we studied significantly affect the density of plant stands of agrophytocenoses: the depth of soil cultivation and the density of plant stands, as well as the use of biological preparations and the density of plant stands are connected by average direct correlations expressed by coefficients r = 0.4901 and r = 0.5380, respectively. After conducting a correlation analysis, we established that an increase in the depth of tillage, within the framework of our experiments, contributes to the growth of abortiveness of seeds (r = 0.7215), and the use of biological preparations in the technology of growing soybeans - to a decrease in the rate of abortiveness of seeds (r = –0.6501 ). The level of biological yield significantly depends on the factors included by us in the scheme of experiments. Increasing the depth of tillage had a positive effect on the growth of soybean biological yield, as indicated by the correlation coefficient r = 0.5876. The value of the biological yield of soybeans, within the limits of the schemes of our experiments, was also affected by the use of biological preparations – the presence of a direct average correlation between them was established, which is expressed by the coefficient r = 0.5880. Conclusions. Increasing the depth of tillage had a positive effect on the growth of soybean biological yield, as indicated by the correlation coefficient r = 0.5876. The value of the biological yield of soybeans, within the limits of the schemes of our experiments, was influenced by the use of biological preparations - the presence of a direct average correlation between them was established, which is expressed by the coefficient r = 0.5880. The use of biological preparations in the technology of growing soybeans contributed to the reduction of the abortiveness of its seeds (r = –0.6501) and the improvement of biometric indicators of plants. Keywords: soybean, growing technologies, stimulants, tillage, yield, abortiveness of seeds.