ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ЗАПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ВИМОГ БАЗЕЛЯ ІІІ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНУ ПРАКТИКУ БАНКІВСЬКОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТА НАГЛЯДУ

Abstract

One of the ways to increase the level of financial stability of banks and, as a result, to strengthen the banking system of Ukraine, is to introduce new standards into the national practice of state regulation and supervision of bank activities. This work is aimed at evaluating the prospects for the introduction of Basel III requirements in Ukraine, in particular, taking into account the national specifics of conducting banking business. The key principles of the functioning of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision are characterized. The main agreements adopted by the Basel Committee (Basel I, Basel II, Basel III) have been studied, in particular, the prerequisites for their introduction and the main changes in the practice of banking regulation due to their adoption have been outlined. The positive and negative consequences of the introduction of Basel III requirements on the state of the banking system, which take place both at the international level and within the boundaries of a separate economy, including the Ukrainian one, are analyzed. It is noted that the Basel reforms implemented after the 2007–2009 crisis contributed to the effective strengthening of the banking sector, which in turn helped banks to continue lending to the real economy during the COVID-19 crisis. The main tasks of the implementation of the Basel standards of banking supervision in Ukraine and the key achievements along the way are outlined. It was found that the key innovations of recent years, which significantly contribute to the approximation of the domestic practice of banking regulation to European standards and the strengthening of the effectiveness of the banking system of Ukraine, are the introduction of liquidity standards LCR (short-term liquidity regulation) and NSFR (long-term liquidity regulation) in Ukraine. Given the importance of maintaining long-term liquidity by domestic banks in today's difficult operating conditions, the dynamics of the coefficient of net stable financing of domestic banks for the period 04/01/2021 – 03/01/2023 was analyzed. The relationship between the form of ownership of the bank and the profitability of its capital was studied, based on which a conclusion was made about the influence of the level of implementation of the requirements of the Basel Committee on the success of the bank's operation. The dynamics of the capital of banks in the section of their groups is analyzed, attention is focused on the state policy regarding the support of banks with a state share and its consequences for the domestic banking system.