Abstract
The article analyzes the initial stage of the creation of floating scientific measuring points (NIPS) to ensure the testing and operation of spacecraft during their passage over the world's oceans. It is emphasized that at first, floating NPCs were made by re-equipping already built civilian vessels (mainly bulk carriers). The study identifies both the main state and departmental documents on the basis of which the vessels were re-equipped: dry cargo, motor, and timber carrier ships; the factories where this was carried out, the projects for the vessels conversion, as well as the organization of ship testing on the ocean expanses. The process of improving scientific and measuring technology is also considered as oceanographic expeditions in the Pacific Ocean (TOGE-4 and TOGE-5) and a floating telemetry complex for the Atlantic Ocean were being formed, which subsequently functioned as independent military units subordinate to the command of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Military Space Forces. It is claimed that the experience gained as a result of these vessels operation was then creatively used in the construction of special vessels equipped as command and measurement complexes for tracking and controlling rocket and space technology. The authors of the study focus on showing the role of Leningrad scientists, designers and shipbuilders in the early period of creating a domestic "space fleet"
Published Version
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