Влияние агротехнических приемов на поражение подсолнечника болезнями на участке гибридизации и в потомстве F1 гибрида Факел

Abstract

In 2019–2021, we studied influence of some agricul-tural techniques on infection of sunflower plants with pathogens of diseases on a hybridization plot and in hybrid progeny. The researches were conducted on leached black soil in the experimental –seed growing farm “Berezanskoe” (Korenovsk district, Krasnodar region). In 2020, we carried out a phytopathological estimation of disease infection of a maternal line VK 678А of a hybrid Fakel under the different agricultural techniques in the hybridization plot. In 2021, we studied sowing qualities of F1 seeds cultivated under the different agricultural techniques, and conducted the phytopathological estimation of vegetating plants of the hybrid Fakel grown at the different seed sowing rates. The purpose of the research is to reveal the effective agricultural techniques aimed on the decrease of the development of disease pathogens on sunflower on the hybridization plots to produce healthy seeds of hybrids on leached black soils of the Western Ciscaucasia as well as in F1 sowings till the economically valuable level. In whole, the studied agricultural techniques influenced positively on quality of cultivated seeds of the sunflower hybrid Fakel. We noted high meanings of the laboratory (94–98%), and field (84–87%) seeds germination in all variants. Application of a complex of fertilizers and integrated chemicals for plant protection on the hybridization plot in F1 progeny under a seed sowing rate of 60,000 pcs/ha caused a decrease of sunflower infection with downy mildew by 1,5 times, and with bacteriosis – by 8%. The biological plant protection and microfertilizers allied on the hybridization plot allow decreasing bacteriosis infection of F1 sunflower plants by 3% under the seed sowing rate of 60,000 pcs/ha, and 13% un-der 80,000 pcs/ha.