МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ СССР ПО ОТНОШЕНИЮ К КОРЕННЫМ МАЛОЧИСЛЕННЫМ НАРОДАМ СЕВЕРА, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИМ В 1920–1970 ГГ. В ЭВЕНКИЙСКОМ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОМ (АВТОНОМНОМ С 1977 Г.) ОКРУГЕ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the specifics and phenomena of the national policy of the USSR in relation to the indigenous peoples of the North, living in the 1920-1970s in the Evenk national (autonomous since 1977) okrug. The materials of the article were both research works on the topic of Soviet nationality policy, and published archival documents, data from statistical studies, such as the All-Russian Population Census. One of the highlighted areas of national policy discussed in this study is language policy, the role of which in public administration in relation to the indigenous small ethnic groups of the North, including Evenkia, is very significant. The indigenous peoples of the Evenk National / Autonomous Okrug are the Evenks and Kets. Today (according to the most recent All-Russian Population Census, conducted in 2010), the share of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North in the total population of the Evenk Municipal District of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, formerly the Evenk Autonomous District, is a fairly large percentage - 33.3%. The Evenks are the titular ethnic group of this territory and are widely settled, and the Kets live compactly in one settlement - the village of Sulomai. The study shows that the Soviet stage of the formation and implementation of the national policy towards indigenous peoples in the Evenk National / Autonomous Okrug (from the 1920s to the 1970s) contributed to the fact that these ethnic groups were singled out into a special category and became the object of systemic social protection. and public policy. At the same time, the historical consideration of decisions and measures for the management of the territory and population of Evenkia allows us to see the transition from a policy with an emphasis on the identity of these peoples to a policy of "Sovietization", the universalization of these territories and ethnic groups, which is paternalistic in nature and fulfills the tasks of assimilation of the indigenous population.