ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИЕМОВ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И ВОДОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ НОВЫХ СОРТОВ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

Purpose: to determine the optimal method of primary tillage, the mineral nutrition background when cultivating new varieties of winter wheat in Rostov region. Materials and methods. Place and time of the research is the experimental station of the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre, 2019–2021. The soil of the experimental plot is ordinary calcareous, medium-thick, light loamy chernozem on loess-like loam with a bulk density of 1.26 g/cm³ in the 0–30 cm layer. New varieties of winter wheat Bylina Dona, Akapella and Oktava were used in the experiments. Factor A: methods of primary tillage: 1) plowing at 25–27 cm (control); 2) combined (surface at 14–16 cm + slotting at 40–45 cm); 3) chisel at 25–27 cm. Factor B: fertilizer backgrounds (control without fertilizer, moderate (N80P60K60), high (N120P80K80)). When conducting a field experiment, generally accepted methods were used (B. A. Dospekhov, 1985; A. N. Kostyakov, 1961; A. F. Vadyunina, 1986). Results. A higher grain yield of new varieties of winter wheat was provided against the background of plowing, where the grain yield changed regardless of the background of nutrition: for the variety Bylina Dona within 3.17–4.68 t/ha, Acapella – 3.64–5.19 t/ha, Oktava – 2.71–4.00 t/ha. The nutritional background of N80Р60K60 with different methods of primary tillage gave an increase in the yield of varieties: Bylina Dona – 31.6–32.5 %, Acapella – 27.4–27.7 %, Oktava – 31.2–32.8 %, compared to control. The high background of N120Р80K80 provided similar gains in varieties: Bylina Dona – 45.2–47.6 %, Acapella – 40.9–42.6 %, Oktava – 45.7–47.6 %. The best benefit from the fertilizer application and the lowest water consumption coefficient were obtained on the Acapella variety under conditions of plowing and N120P80K80 fertilizer background (respectively 5.54 kg/kg and 320 m³/t). Conclusions. The most productive variety was Acapella with a yield of 5.19 t/ha.