Экологическая реакция сортов ярового ячменя на абиотические и биотические факторы южной лесостепи Омского региона

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to assess the adaptability of Omsk varieties of spring barley (Hordeum Sativum Jess.) in the context of yield parameter under conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The studies were conducted from 2015 to 2019. Spring barley varieties were evaluated by the sum of the ranks of several calculated adaptability parameters: crop yield variability (d, according to V.V. Zykin guidelines), environmental condition index and ecological plasticity of varieties (Jsp, calculated according to S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell), stability factor (S. F., determined according to D. Lewis), homeostaticity and breeding value (Hom and Sc, by the method of V.V. Khangildin), relative stability and stability criteria (St² and А, according to N. A. Sobolev), coefficient of variation (V, by B.A. Dospekhov methodology). Fourteen varieties and lines of spring barley created in the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center served as the material for the research. According to the ranking, two-row covered (hulled) varieties ‘Sasha’ and ‘Omskiy 101’ had increased indicators of yield potential realization (85.0 and 85.5%) and breeding value (Sc = 3.42 and 3.18); they are stable (S.F. = 1.61 and 1.75, St² = 0.956) and homeostatic (Hom = 10.63 and 9.50). Variety ‘Omskiy 100’ had low yield variability (d = 2.59 t/ha), high stability (S.F. = 1.65), increased breeding value (Sc = 3.30) and homeostaticity (Hom = 10.46), as well as optimal combination of average yield and relative stability (A = 5.34). The sum of the ranks of this group varied from 48 to 100. Among multi-row hulled varieties, varieties ‘Omskiy 99’ and line ‘Rikotenze 4885’ were characterized as adaptive, namely by increased indicators of yield potential realization (89.1–90.3 %), breeding value (Sc=3.56–3.64), stability (S.F.=1.42–1.49), homeostaticity (Hom=17.7–22.56). The sum of the ranks at the level of standard – ‘Omskiy 99’ (42) was also observed for the line ‘Rikotenze 4885’ (43). In the hulless or “naked” barley group, adaptive was multi-row variety ‘Omskiy Golozerny 4’. This variety is of intensive type (I = 59.8%) with increased indicators of yield potential realization (84%) and breeding value (Sc = 3.65). Its sum of the ranks (79) was significantly lower than the same of the standard ‘Omskiy Golozerny 2’ (81).