Влияние приемов основной и предпосевной обработки почвы и удобрений на продуктивность звена полевого севооборота

Abstract

The article provides the results of 2014-2016 studies of the effect of macro- and micro fertilizers in the link of field crop rotation on fodder productivity and weed infestation on the background of basic and presowing cultivation of leached chernozem. The link of the crop rotation is presented by: (barley + meadow clover - meadow clover of 1 year of use -meadow clover of 2 year of use). In the main soil treatment variants, plowing (with PLN-4-3.5), disking (with PM-3 x 4) and non-moldboard tilling (with KPE-3.8) were used. The presowing treatment was carried out by the units IMT-616 (Europack) and KPS-4. Microfertilizers are represented by a complex of chelated microelements Microvit. The first grain crop of the rotation link (barley) provided the largest yield of feed units per 1 hectare - 3.72 tons of feed units/ha on plowing, the smallest on non-moldboard tillage (2.82 tons of feed units / ha), which was 0.24 tons of feed units/ha more than on the background of disking (3.06 tons of feed units / ha). Foliar top dressing with Microvit was more effective than seed treatment on all backgrounds of basic tillage, where the increase in productivity was from 0.25 to 0.66 tons of feed units / ha, while in seed treatment the increments were from 0.15 to 0.38 tons of feed units / ha. Feeding efficiency of the clover of 1 year of use in the sum for two cuts varied from 4.16 to 5.30 tons of feed units/ha. According to the basic methods of soil cultivation, this indicator varied; between plowing (4.98 tons of feed units/ha) and disking by 0.50 tons of feed units/ha, between plowing and non-moldboard tillage by 0.36 tons of feed units/ha in favor of plowing. In the second year of use, the growth of crop productivity was also observed from plowing (3.52 tons of feed units/ha) to disking (2.62 tons of feed units/ha) with an intermediate value on the background of non-moldboard tillage (3.12 tons of feed units/ha). Over the years of research, the application of the Microvit preparation on clover for all variants of basic tillage was most effective in foliar top dressing, where an increase in productivity was observed from 0.20 to 0.67 tons of feed units/ha versus 0.06-0.46 tons of feed units /ha at crop seeds treatment. The use of clover for two years for food and subsequent plowing up as siderate helps to reduce the contamination of the crops in the field crop rotation link from 17% in 1 year of use to 7% in 2 year of use in comparison with weed infestation of cover crop.