ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ И ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ СТРУКТУРЫ РАСТЕНИЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ГИБРИДИЗАЦИИ ВЕТВЯЩЕЙСЯ И ОГРАНИЧЕННОВЕТВЯЩЕЙСЯ ФОРМ ГРЕЧИХИ

Abstract

Varieties and hybrid populations with original economically valuable properties are involved in the process of hybridization. Particular attention is drawn to such features as limited branching, high productivity, short stems, early maturity. In order to transfer the positive properties and qualities of the new (2009) shorter, restrictedly branching form of buckwheat, in 2013 a crossing with a branching one was carried out. Plants were obtained that had a larger number of branches compared to parental pairs, different heights of their placement on the stem, and increased productivity. The weather and climatic conditions of the growing season in the years of the study varied significantly: 2018 is dry (HTC = 0.5), 2019 is favorable (HTC = 0.9), 2020 is with heavy precipitation against the background of low temperatures (HTC = 1.2 ). The dominance of the trait "limited branching" and high branching on the stem was noted only in hybrid 234. In the sample of this combination, 50% of plants were found in which branching begins from the fourth and 15% of plants from the fifth internode. An analysis of the relationship between the architectonics of hybrid plants and their productivity revealed that the most productive were plants in which the first primary branch was laid on the second and third internode of the stem. The high productivity of hybrid combinations is formed due to the increased number of inflorescences (37-81 pcs) and seeds (206- 385 pcs) per plant. Correlation analysis of the relationship between the total number of branches and the number of grains matured on them showed a stable positive relationship between these features in the first and second groups: r = 0.9 and r = 0.7. In the third group, the interdependence is weaker - r = 0.4. In further breeding work with these hybrids, it is necessary to select plants with the establishment of the first primary branch on the second and third internodes, taking into account their high productivity.