ФОРМУВАННЯ ДОВІЛЬНОЇ УВАГИ У ЧОЛОВІКІВ ТА ЖІНОК ПРИ ВИКОНАННІ ЗАВДАНЬ ІЗ ВИСОКИМ КОГНІТИВНИМ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯМ

Abstract

The differences in brain mechanisms that underlie the switch between involuntary and voluntary attention associated with gender were investigated. We compared reaction time, the number of errors and the electrical activity of the brain during the Emotional Stroop test on the background of visual content that contained affective images when presenting stimuli through a dominant and non-dominant eye in 20 men and 20 women. The model of significant cognitive load was created, when it is quite difficult to correctly respond to the relevant characteristics of the stimulus. Different patterns of brain activity have been found: in women, this task is accompanied by an increase in spectral power in the theta range of the predominantly left hemisphere; in men, the power of alpha rhythm in the parietal-occipital associative cortex decreases with the local increase of theta rhythm in the posterior-frontal areas and beta-rhythm in left prefrontal zone. Under the conditions of high cognitive load created by the distracting visual content and the perception of visual stimuli through the non-dominant eye, the brain mechanisms of voluntary attention provide a more thorough analysis of the relevant stimuli in women that is seen in accurate responses over a longer period in comparison with men.