Abstract
Vestibular neuronitis (VN) is a peripheral vestibulopathy clinically manifested by an acute vestibular syndrome without hearing loss resulting from unilateral peripheral hyporeflexia. Symptoms of acute systemic vertigo may accompany sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) in 30–57% of cases. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the occurrence of diseases are currently poorly understood. Objective. To investigate the peculiarities of vestibular receptor damage in patients with VN and patients with SSHL. Results. 27 patients with VN (age 36.7±14.2 years) and 59 patients with SSHL (age 43.7±10.8 years) were examined on the basis of the Sverzhevskiy Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. Despite the similar clinical picture of acute vestibular crisis in the two diseases, the structure of damage of peripheral vestibular receptors in patients with unilateral SSHL and patients with VN had significant differences: in patients with SSHL accompanied by vertigo, the most frequent were disorder of the sacculus (57%) and posterior semicircular canal (78%), whereas in patients with VN, dysfunction of the horizontal semicircular canal (92%) and utriculus (63%). The obtained results may indicate the difference in pathogenetic mechanisms of damage to peripheral vestibular receptors underlying the occurrence of diseases.
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