КОНЦЕПЦІЯ «МІСЦЬ ПАМ’ЯТІ» П’ЄРА НОРА В КОНТЕКСТІ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ПРО КОЛЕКТИВНУ ПАМ’ЯТЬ

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to comprehend the main aspects of P. Nora’s concept of “places of memory” (lieux de memoire) in the context of scientific theories of collective memory; to find out the prerequisites for the appearance of this concept; to analyse the connection of P. Nora’s concept of “places of memory” with studies on collective memory. The research methodology is based on the use of the following methods: source studies – to identify the historical prerequisites for the appearance of the concept of “places of memory”; analysis – to establish the relationship between the concept of P. Nora and studies on collective memory; systematization – to understand the development of the main theories of the memory concept; comparative – to consider the basic notions of the memory concept (informative, historical, collective, social). Scientific novelty. The phenomenon of the relationship between memory and history in line with the significant transformations of the modern world and the associated existential needs of humanity is examined for the first time. The article demonstrates the key aspects of the “collective memory” concept, which, according to the theory of M. Halbwachs, is crucial to the identity of society and is characterized by continuous development and multiplicity. Conclusions. The article demonstrated that one of the dimensions of collective/ social memory is the memory of the historical past, or its symbolic representation. It has been proved that historical memory is not only one of the main channels of transmission of experience and information about the past, but also the most important component of selfidentification of an individual, social group and society as a whole. The prerequisites that led to a change in the relationship between history and memory and prompted P. Nora to propose his concept of “places of memory” have been analysed. The concept of memory has been studied in the context of humanitarian discourse, since, according to P. Nora’s observations, in recent years we have been living the “era of commemoration”. The historian sees the reason for the beginning of the “era of commemoration” in the democratization of history, when the notion of identity has undergone a semantic inversion: from individual to collective.