Значение опережающей реакции вегетативной нервной системы в условиях когнитивной нагрузки у условно здоровых студентов

Abstract

Introduction. Anticipating regulatory mechanisms allow a person to more effectively adapt to the impact of environmental factors with the formation of an optimal response structure. Aim. To reveal the features of the antedating response of the autonomic nervous system under conditions of cognitive load in apparently healthy students. Materials and methods. The study involved 30 medical university students aged 18–19 years. The participants were divided into two groups (15 people in each). In group 1, the semantic verbal fluency test was used as a load, in group 2 – the Intelligence Structure Test (IST) by Amthauer. RR intervals in the examined young men were recorded under control and load conditions. The indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed – RRNN, TP, HF, LF, VLF. Results. Analysis of HRV in group 1 revealed that after exercise, RRNN, TP, HF, and LF indicators significantly decreased; in group 2, after exercise, TP and LF indicators significantly increased relative to control values. Using correlation analysis, we revealed differences between the HRV indicators at the time of preparation for the cognitive test between the studied groups. In group 1, unlike group 2, there was no correlation between RRNN and HF, TP and LF, HF and LF, LF and VLF. After the test in group 1, a significant positive correlation was found between RRNN and HF. In group 2, the correlation relationships between the RRNN and LF indicators were determined, the interaction between HF and LF increased, there were no correlation between the LF and VLF indicators. Differences between the HRV indicators at the time of preparation for the cognitive test showed that the anticipation of the upcoming examination determines the response of the HRV regulatory mechanisms to the action of the load. Conclusion. Different variants of cognitive loads contribute to changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of HRV. The nature of these changes depends on the initial level of regulatory capabilities of HRV, which determine the antedating response to the cognitive load.