ЗАПОБІГАННЯ ПОГІРШЕННЮ СТАНУ НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА В МІСЦЯХ БАЗУВАННЯ ВМС ЗА ДОСВІДОМ КРАЇН-ЧЛЕНІВ НАТО

Abstract

The article describes the practical experience of the NATO Navy’s environmental activities in the protection of marine ecosystems. The article uses publications on the protection of marine ecosystems, the ecological status of the Black and Azov Seas and environmental control. The physical and geographical characteristics of the Black Sea and the ecological conditions of the Azov-Black Sea are described. Data from the ecological monitoring of the Azov-Black Sea region indicate a severe ecological crisis in the region, which is characterized by excessive development of unicellular algae, death of fish and dolphins. The intensification of the ecological crisis coincided with the beginning of the militarization of the Azov-Black Sea region. Further development of the Ukrainian Navy will lead to even greater destruction of marine ecosystems and large losses of valuable natural resources. The article gives examples of environmental activities of the Australian, British and US navies, which pay great attention to the protection of the marine environment and environmental planning of their activities. The current protection state of the marine ecosystems in the Ukrainian Navy is considered in this article. Recommendations for greening the activities of the Ukrainian Navy in the context of the ecological crisis of the Black and Azov Seas are given: develop and implement measures to protect marine animals during marine exercises; implement programs to protect marine ecosystems, especially those of high ecological value; to provide clearing of the remains of ammunition; creation and implementation of an environmental management system for all Navy facilities; to carry out updating and re-equipment of ships taking into account requirements of MARPOL; to ensure compliance with environmental requirements in the design, construction, operation, repair and disposal of Navy ships. The study of experience in the protection of marine ecosystems of the NATO Navy will enable the Ukrainian Navy to make appropriate management decisions and balance its activities in the Black and Azov Seas, taking into account the increased man-made load. Keywords: pollution, wastes, Azov-Black Sea region, naval activity, marine ecology.