Социальные качества нормативно развивающихся младших школьников и детей с особыми образовательными потребностями: обзор исследований

Abstract

Abstract. The research purpose is to analyze the issue of studying social qualities and interpersonal relationships in children of primary school age who are developing normatively and children with special educational needs. The research also summarizes current studies in the national and foreign psychological and pedagogical literature on this issue. The methodological basis of the research was the ideas of L.S. Vygotsky on the social situation of development, according to which the psychological mechanisms of the child's personality development are triggered by the social environment with its specific system of signs, values, interactions, dialogicity, as well as the provision on the development of higher mental functions in collective activity and the active expedient change of this activity under the influence of improving mental functions, independent choice of means and ways to achieve goals. The methods for studying social qualities in younger schoolchildren are presented. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature includes the main works on the study of social qualities in younger schoolchildren and their connection with the type of attachment, the moral development of the child and the educational process. Modern studies by A. Askerli, V.V. Bogdanova, T.B. Dolzhenko, E.S. Zhurba and others aimed at studying social qualities in primary school children are presented. The current state of the issue of the development of social qualities in the educational process is considered. The data are consistent with the provisions developed by L.S. Vygotsky, D.B. Elkonin, V.D. Shadrikov and others on the importance of a developing learning environment for the inclusion of a younger student in public life. We appeal to the issue of studying social qualities in younger schoolchildren with special educational needs due to the fact that this issue has not been sufficiently studied and requires a detailed analysis with a study of the role of a teacher and psychologist working with children in an educational organization.